In Uzbekistan, a significant portion of manganese ores is of low and medium composition and is distributed across the Dautash, Kyzylbayrak, Takhtakarachin, Alisai, and Karatau regions. Existing geological data indicate that Dautash and Kyzylbayrak are volcanogenic-sedimentary, while Alisai belongs...

This review article analyzes global practices for extracting manganese from manganese-containing ores, ferroalloy dust, electrolytic manganese residues, and battery raw materials. Pyrometallurgy, sulfate hydrometallurgy, reduction smelting with oxalate and other organic reducing agents, reduction...