This review article analyzes global practices for extracting manganese from manganese-containing ores, ferroalloy dust, electrolytic manganese residues, and battery raw materials. Pyrometallurgy, sulfate hydrometallurgy, reduction smelting with oxalate and other organic reducing agents, reduction roasting and subsequent smelting, bioleaching, pyro-hydro combined approaches, as well as deep refining of solutions based on solvent extraction, ion exchange, electrolysis and auxiliary purification processes are compared. The results of the review show that, alongside the traditional manganese market for steel, the production of high-purity manganese sulfate suitable for batteries is becoming a key driver of today’s technological shift. For low- and medium-grade manganese objects in Uzbekistan, hydrometallurgical or combined pyro-hydro schemes combining enrichment, selective reductive sulfate leaching, and step-by-step solution purification are recommended as a priority.