The Mirzachul region in central Uzbekistan, historically known as the “Hungry Steppe,” represents one of the largest irrigated agricultural landscapes in Central Asia and is highly sensitive to climate change. This study applies the Köppen–Geiger classification to compare the historical climate baseline (1901–1930) with future projections (2070–2090) under the SSP2-4.5 scenario, using high-resolution (1 km) raster datasets processed in ArcGIS Pro. The results reveal that desert climates (BWk, BWh), which covered more than 95% of the area in the early 20th century, are projected to nearly disappear by the end of the 21st century. In their place, hot semi-arid steppe (BSh) becomes dominant (91.1%), while Mediterranean-type climates (Csa) expand to 8.8%. These shifts imply intensified evapotranspiration, increased irrigation demand, and potential risks of salinization. Although the emergence of Csa zones may create opportunities for agricultural diversification, the overall transition indicates a geoecological transformation with significant implications for land use, water governance, and regional food security.