In the article, the essence of the phenomenon of "Human capital", conceptual philosophical analyzes of the understanding and research of concepts and laws as a social phenomenon, research from a national and ethnocultural point of view, changes in methodological aspects, dynamics of development, socio-philosophical trends of periodic transformation , philosophical aspects as the most important condition for the development of modern civilization, and thus the monitoring of sociocultural, national characteristics, and the need to illuminate and justify them from a social point of view.