This article investigates the scientific foundations for applying adaptive forming methods in the manufacturing of arc-toothed gear transmissions and for ensuring their geometric accuracy. The study examines the machining of arc-toothed gears on 5-axis milling machines, compensation of technological errors, implementation of automated inspection based on computer vision, and the use of an adaptive design capable of compensating for assembly inaccuracies. During the research, the effects of tool geometry, cutting conditions, machine system rigidity, inspection accuracy, and assembly parameters on geometric accuracy were evaluated. The results showed that, based on the proposed adaptive forming technology, it is possible to reduce the tool range by 30–35%, and reduce technological errors by 10–12%.