This article depicts the study of the educational system in Uzbekistan and the definition of its trends and milestones is inextricably linked with the history of the republic Uzbekistan. Many statistical sources and numerous archival materials have been analyzed. It has been identified and justified that the history of formation and development of education system in the period of the end of 19th and mid 20th century are relayed with the feature of development of its separate stages, the socio-economic level of development of Uzbek society, trends of its cultural formation in a certain period of time. At each stage, the problem has been set and solved as possible to fulfill the educational needs of Uzbek society.