LOCAL CLUSTERS IN A GLOBAL ECONOMY

Author: Arzuova Shargul Ansatbayevna

Abstract:

Economic geography during an era of global competition involves a paradox. It is widely recognized that changes in technology and competition have diminished many of the traditional roles of location. Yet clusters, or geographic concentrations of interconnected companies, are a striking feature of
virtually every national, regional, state, and even metropolitan economy, especially in more advanced nations. The prevalence of clusters reveals important insights about the microeconomics of competition and the role of location in competitive advantage. Even as old reasons for clustering have diminished in importance with globalization, new influences of clusters on competition have taken on growing importance in an increasingly complex, knowledge-based, and dynamic economy. Clusters represent a new way of thinking about national, state, and local economies, and they necessitate new roles for companies, government, and other institutions in enhancing competitiveness. Resources, capital, technology, and other inputs can be efficiently sourced in global markets.

ESTABLISHMENT OF COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY AND MANAGING PRODUCTION COST

Author: Abipova G.S.

Abstract:

The article focuses on the development of competitive environment in the field of pharmaceuticals management and the roles of the theory of competitiveness in managing production costs.