The main directions of the development of Russia's foreign trade connections in the late 19th and early 20th centuries are considered in this article from a historical perspective.

The materials of "Туркистон тўплами," which began its creation in the second half of the 19th century, provide valuable information not only about Turkestan but also neighboring regions such as Asian countries, Eastern Turkestan, West China, and Tibet. It also sheds light on the activities of British agents – pundits and munshies – involved in scientific and political research in these areas.

This article discusses Abdulkholiq Ghijduvoniy and analyzes his work "Maqamoti Yusuf Hamadoniy", which he dedicated to his master. The paper also emphasizes that, while providing valuable information about Yusuf Hamadoniy’s life and activities, the work includes some problematic details. The author's own perspective on the reasons behind these issues is also presented.

In this article, the author discusses the challenges faced by industrial production in the 1990s and outlines the factors that influenced the light industry in the Bukhara region. The article also analyzes the results of joint ventures' establishment, trade turnover, and international trade, based on numerical data. Furthermore, it presents the history of the bankruptcy of some enterprises during the transition period.

The article discusses the various opinions and views expressed about the works of the prominent representatives of 19th-century Khorezm historiography, Shermuhammad Munis and Muhammadriza Agahi, particularly their work "Firdaws al-iqbal" and the era of Muhammad Rahimkhan I. It compares true and critical thoughts about this historical work and the epoch of Muhammad Rahimkhan I, presented by scholars such as Russian scientists V.V. Bartold, B.V. Lunin, P. Ivanov, and Uzbek scholars K. Munirov, G. Karimov, S. Dolimov, Ya. Gulyamov, as well as Karakalpak scholars M. Nurmuhamedov, S. Kamalov, and N. Djapakov, ultimately drawing certain conclusions.

This article analyzes the concept of alienation in the philosophy of Erich Fromm. It discusses how the development of capitalism has transformed political, economic, and spiritual relationships within society, leading to increasing feelings of depression, misery, helplessness, and a lack of solidarity. The philosopher explores the causes of alienation and separation from society and proposes ways to overcome these issues.

This article explores the history of archaeological monuments in the Khorezm oasis. It highlights the significant contributions of AI Terenozhkin and S. Tolstov, who made great advancements in the archaeological study of the monuments within the ancient complex of the Khorezm region.

The article discusses the issues of spiritual development of a person’s personality, highlighting the need to utilize all available ethical potential. It emphasizes enriching this potential with new content through forms and methods of education and upbringing that create internal prerequisites for self-development, particularly focusing on the moral and spiritual qualities of a person.

The article discusses the results of the application of interactive teaching methods, such as "brainstorming" and "academic polemic," in the subject of propaedeutics of internal illnesses. The interactive teaching method "brainstorming" promoted primary perfection at the I (acquaintance) and II (copy) levels of knowledge. At the same time, the knowledge acquired through the educational game "academic polemic" was much more refined, corresponding to the III (knowledge-ability) and even IV (knowledge-transformation) levels. The educational-clinical game "academic polemic" significantly enhanced the potential of analytical thinking, which is a key advantage and distinguishes this method of teaching.

This article presents some results of experimental studies of the thermophysical characteristics of melon pulp. The thermophysical characteristics of the pulp of melons of different varieties in the temperature range from 20ºC to 70ºC are determined. It has been established that thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity increase with increasing temperature almost linearly. Empirical expressions for the coefficients of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity are obtained. These data will be useful in the thermal calculation of drying installations in the production of dried melon.