This article analyzes the transformation of the etiological structure of pneumonia in children of preschool age for the period of 2012-2016. After examination of 120 children, it was revealed that for the last six years the structure of extramural pneumonia in preschool children has changed significantly. The predominant pathogens are Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes. It was revealed that the occurrence of pneumonia associated with Mycoplasma pneumonia and Chlamydophila pneumoniae has increased for the past two years.