The brine shrimp Artemia (Anostraca, Branchiopoda) is the primary live and dry feed source used in more than 85% of world aquaculture, and its nutritional value is determined chiefly by its high protein content (30-80% of dry matter) and balanced amino acid profile. Based on more than thirty scientific sources published between 1969 and 2023, this article systematizes the classical (Kjeldahl, Biuret) and modern (Lowry, BCA, HPLC amino acid analysis, electrophoresis, CsCl isopycnic centrifugation) methods used for extracting, quantifying, and evaluating the quality of protein from Artemia cysts, decapsulated cysts, nauplii, and adult individuals. It also analyzes the key factors affecting protein content and quality - diet composition, enrichment, salinity and temperature stress, sex and developmental stage, and geographic strain. The practical applications of the resulting protein product - feeding aquaculture and ornamental fish larvae, poultry feed, functional bio-feed and bioencapsulation, and biomedical and molecular-biology research - are reviewed. The findings show that the efficiency of protein recovery from Artemia varies considerably depending on culture conditions, processing technology, and the analytical method chosen, indicating the need for an integrated approach for targeted application.