This article analyzes the sociological and bioethical aspects of marriage between close relatives based on scientific sources. The sociological approach shows the cultural, religious and economic roots of consanguineous marriage. The bioethical analysis is based on genetic risks, the tasks of the health system and ethical principles. The results of the study show that, although consanguineous marriage continues in society for certain social reasons, its bioethical and medical risks require serious attention. From a bioethical point of view, such marriages can increase the risk of genetic diseases, negatively affect the health of the child and the health of the generation. The study analytically studied the experience, legislation, approaches and health policies of various foreign countries in this regard. The situation in Uzbekistan was compared on this basis, and opportunities and problems in national policy were revealed. The final conclusions made proposals to reduce this situation, increase the genetic literacy of the population and strengthen preventive measures.