Since 2016, the policy of the government of Uzbekistan has outlined new directions for achieving an increase in the well-being of rural women. This article analyzes the main political and legal regulations and documents adopted in recent years in the field of achieving gender equality in agriculture and ensuring food security in the country and their implementation in the agricultural sector. The implementation of international conventions and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals is closely intertwined with the policy of gender equality in the field of agriculture. However, the study of the gender aspects of agriculture shows that despite the significant contribution of rural women in the field of agriculture and food security, their unemployment rate is still higher than men and access to formal sector of economy is problematic in Uzbekistan due to poor access to education and impact of gender stereotypes.