This article examines the current state of camel wool production and processing worldwide and evaluates the development potential of this sector in Uzbekistan. Camel wool is recognized as one of the most valuable natural fibers due to its excellent thermal insulation, softness, durability, lightweight structure, and hypoallergenic properties. As global demand for environmentally friendly textile materials continues to grow, camel wool has become an increasingly important raw material for the textile industry. The article analyzes the experience of leading camel wool-producing countries, including Mongolia, China, Kazakhstan, and Iran, with particular attention to production technologies, processing systems, and export opportunities. The research applies comparative analysis, statistical evaluation, and a review of scientific literature to assess the current situation and identify development prospects. The findings indicate that Uzbekistan possesses favorable climatic conditions, traditional camel breeding practices, and sufficient natural resources to expand camel wool production and establish value-added processing industries. The study concludes that improving processing technologies, increasing investment, and strengthening exportoriented production can significantly enhance the competitiveness of Uzbekistan’s textile sector and contribute to sustainable rural development.