This article is aimed at examining the process of adaptation of the traditional farming of the Uzbek people to the conditions of a market economy in the early years of independence on the example of the Surkhan oasis. In particular, the stat of the form of land ownership before independence, its negative consequences, changes in the market economy, types of crops, planting methods and the transformation of agricultural tools under the influence of new socio-economic processes after independence were studied. In addition, it analyzes the historical and ethnological aspects of the impact of the emergence of three forms of farming - that is, agricultural companies, farms, and peasant farming, in agriculture on the social and economic life of farmers in the Surkhan oasis.