The expansion of metallurgical activities in Central Asia during the 2nd millennium BC marked a significant shift, with production centers extending from southern to northern regions. This study examines the role of the Tozabogyob culture (15th –11th centuries BC) in the development of bronze...

The existence of the Ottoman Empire is usually calculated from 1299 to 1923. During this time, a unique imperial system was formed, in the history of the rise, prosperity and decline of which the patterns of existence of empires are visible. The peculiarity of the Ottoman Empire lies in the fact...