2025 - KhorezmScience.uz

THE IMPACT OF CHANNEL GEOMETRY ON SELF-HEATING TEMPERATURE IN 10 nm GAAFET

Wed, 03 Dec 2025 22:00:18 +0500

This paper investigates the impact of channel geometry on the selfheating temperature of a 10 nm gate-length GaAs-based gate-all-around fieldeffect transistor (GAAFET). The study is conducted using numerical simulations in the Sentaurus TCAD environment. While maintaining a constant channel crosssectional area, the channel height is varied from 12 nm to 4 nm, resulting in a corresponding change in channel width. The simulation results demonstrate that reducing the channel height increases the drain current and affects the temperature distribution within the transistor. It is observed that for channel heights below 6 nm, enhanced heat dissipation through the enlarged external surface area dominates Joule heat generation, leading to a reduction in the peak self-heating temperature. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing nanoscale GaAs GAAFET designs with improved thermal performance.

MECHANISMS FOR CONTROLLING THE I-V CHARACTERISTICS OF HETEROJUNCTION DIODES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF A MAGNETIC FIELD

Wed, 03 Dec 2025 22:00:17 +0500

This article examines the mechanisms for controlling the currentvoltage characteristics of heterodiodes under the influence of a magnetic field. It is shown that the decrease or increase in the current carrier density depends on the Lorentz force. The height of the potential barrier changes under the influence of the resulting Hall EMF. It is explained that the recombination rate increases or decreases due to the deviation in the direction of the current carrier motion. This is shown to lead to a redistribution of the current carrier concentration.

FORMATION ENERGY AND PHASE STABILITY OF A SOLID SOLUTION OF MOLECULAR SUBSTITUTION BASED ON Si AND GaP

Wed, 03 Dec 2025 22:00:16 +0500

The integration of III–V semiconductors into silicon technology remains one of the key challenges for the development of efficient silicon-based optoelectronic devices. In this work, the thermodynamic stability and phase stability of a continuous solid solution (Si₂)₁₋ₓ(GaP)ₓ formed via molecular substitution, in which GaP structural units replace pairs of Si–Si atoms in the crystalline silicon lattice, are investigated. Formation energies calculated using density functional theory (DFT) confirm the possibility of experimental realization of stable (Si₂)₁₋ₓ(GaP)ₓ solid solutions.

ANALYSIS OF VIBRATION FACTORS AFFECTING THE WORKING BODY OF TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT

Wed, 03 Dec 2025 22:00:15 +0500

The article examines the influences consider the effects of disruptive elements present during the cutting vibration of the machines’ executive bodies. The patterns of change in the motion trajectory of the billet’s rotating section’s instant center are examined. are shown in the drawing direction of the cutting of the relative movement of the tool’s cutting edge and the processed workpiece, as a result of exposure to the appearance of spatial movements and the breaking of the spindle movement’s stated law.

ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF PARTICLE SIZE, THE AMOUNT OF WOLFRAMATE, HYDROCARBONATE, AND SODIUM HYDROXIDE IN THE SOLUTION, AS WELL AS THE DENSITY OF THE BODY DURING THE SELECTION OF WOLFRAM CAKES

Wed, 03 Dec 2025 22:00:14 +0500

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the factors affecting the selective dissolution of tungsten cakes in sodium carbonate solution - particle size, soda solution concentration, sodium tungstate and bicarbonate content, and bulk density. According to the experimental results, it was found that a decrease in particle size and an increase in soda concentration significantly increase the degree of tungsten dissolution. It was also noted that a change in the molar ratio of Na2WO4 and Na2CO3 in the initial solution has an inversely proportional effect on the dissolution kinetics.

ELECTROLYTIC PROCESSING OF WC–Co BASED HARD ALLOY WASTE

Wed, 03 Dec 2025 22:00:13 +0500

This study investigates the efficiency of electrochemical (electrolytic) processing for the selective recovery of tungsten and cobalt from WC–Co hardalloy scrap. A comprehensive literature review reveals that conventional pyrometallurgical routes suffer from high energy consumption, toxic gas emissions, and low selectivity, whereas electrochemical processing operates at low temperatures (20–30 °C), produces no harmful gases, and enables selective dissolution of cobalt while converting WC into tungsten oxide sludge. Experiments were performed using nitric acid (HNO3) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) electrolytes under alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC). AC electrolysis produced no measurable tungsten sludge due to alternating redox cycling, whereas DC electrolysis resulted in intensive anodic dissolution of WC and the formation of tungsten oxide sludge with simultaneous cobalt dissolution. Optimal results for VK6, VK8, and VK15 alloys were achieved at 14.25% HNO3and 16.33% H2SO4, respectively. Addition of (NH4)2SO4 significantly enhanced sludge formation, while electrode spacing and cathode surface area strongly affected reaction kinetics. SEM and EDXRF analyses confirmed that the obtained product consisted of tungsten oxides. The findings provide a scientific basis for designing industrial-scale, energy-efficient, and environmentally safe electrochemical recycling technologies for WC–Co waste.

ANALYSIS OF STUDIES OF THE IMPACT OF THE MINING INDUSTRY ON THE ENVIRONMENT ABROAD

Wed, 03 Dec 2025 22:00:12 +0500

This article provides an analysis of research conducted abroad on the impact of the mining industry on the environment. Since the mining industry is an important link in the economy of each country and also has a great influence on changes in the state of the environment, it is necessary to study it from a natural geographical point of view, develop and apply measures aimed at reducing the level of impact.

SCREENING OF PANCREATIC LIPASE INHIBITORS OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI OF MEDICINAL PLANTS INUZBEKISTAN

Wed, 03 Dec 2025 22:00:11 +0500

According to the latest statistical reports from the World Health Organization (WHO), 13% of the world's population is obese. The most effective therapeutic approach for treating obesity is the inhibition of pancreatic lipase (PL). In the process of researching new PL inhibitors, we screened the anti-lipase activity of intracellular metabolites of 122 endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants growing in Uzbekistan. The highest number of endophytes with a high degree of PL inhibitory activity was found in 18 extracts (70-87%). The data obtained showed that metabolites capable of inhibiting pancreatic lipase at the Xenical standard level (more than 70%) are synthesized by endophytes isolated from the medicinal plants Gingko biloba, Aloe vera, Viola odorata, Taraxacum officinale, Achillea millefolium, Achillea tomentosa, and Peganum harmala. Based on this, we can conclude that endophytic fungi are a potential source of PL inhibitors, which may lead to the creation of new valuable drugs for the treatment of obesity.

DIGITAL CHANGES IN THE HANDICRAFT SECTOR AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE SERVICES MARKET

Wed, 03 Dec 2025 22:00:10 +0500

This article examines the ongoing digital transformation within Uzbekistan’s handicraft sector and its influence on the structure, accessibility, and commercialization of craft services. The study analyzes how the shift from traditional offline channels—local markets, fairs, and personal recommendations—to digital platforms, social networks, and virtual showcases is reshaping consumer expectations and market behavior. Despite increasing interest in online tools, many artisans still face challenges such as limited digital skills, lack of access to promotion platforms, and insufficient knowledge of e-commerce mechanisms. Statistical data demonstrate the growing number of digitally active artisans and highlight the gap between the sector’s real potential and the level of digital integration. The article emphasizes the need for a unified digital ecosystem that includes training, online payment systems, logistics solutions, and a national platform supporting artisans. The formation of such an integrated mechanism is viewed as a key factor for improving competitiveness, expanding market reach, and ensuring sustainable development of the handicraft sector in the digital economy.

IMPROVEMENT OF MANAGEMENT MECHANISMS FOR MARKETING OF EDUCATIONAL SERVICES IN NON-STATE HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

Wed, 03 Dec 2025 22:00:09 +0500

The article studies the issues of improving the mechanisms for managing the marketing of educational services in non-state higher educational institutions. The study analyzes existing marketing mechanisms, assesses their effectiveness and identifies shortcomings. On this basis, mechanisms for identifying student needs, effectively delivering educational services through digital marketing tools and CRM systems are proposed. The results of the article can be used in scientific and practical directions to improve marketing strategies in non-state higher educational institutions and increase institutional competitiveness.