May - KhorezmScience.uz

ECOLOGICAL FACTORS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE HEALTH OF THE POPULATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KARAKALPAKSTAN

Bunyod — Sun, 03 May 2026 22:16:00 +0500

This article analyzes the current medical and geographical situation of public health in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The study identifies the multifactorial impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on population health and reveals the major contemporary factors influencing disease patterns in this ecologically crisis-affected region. Furthermore, the territorial distribution of diseases was examined, showing that the incidence of most diseases increases from the relatively environmentally favorable southern areas toward the less favorable northern areas.

THE ROLE OF ECOLOGICAL PARTIES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HUMAN ECOLOGICAL INTERESTS

Bunyod — Sun, 03 May 2026 22:15:00 +0500

This article reveals that ecological parties should give priority to educating the public about the importance of nature, its intrinsic value and the consequences of environmental degradation, which can be achieved through advocacy work, educational programs in schools, and public awareness initiatives. The green party should also promote and support sustainable practices in all aspects of life, including agriculture, transportation, energy consumption, and waste management. This includes encouraging environmentally friendly behavior, supporting businesses that adopt sustainable practices, and promoting the integration of sustainability principles into urban planning and development.

THE SOCIAL ACTIVITY OF OLDER ADULTS IN THE INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF CIVIL SOCIETY: PARTICIPATION, EXPERIENCE, AND SOCIAL CAPITAL

Bunyod — Sun, 03 May 2026 22:14:00 +0500

This article analyzes the social activity of older people in the institutional development of civil society through the concepts of civic engagement, social experience, and social capital. The study substantiates that the active participation of older people in civil society institutions is a key factor in ensuring social stability and institutional maturity. Using qualitative and mixed research methods, the findings demonstrate the need to reinterpret older people not as passive recipients of social protection but as active social actors contributing to civil society development.

RUSSIAN’S EXTERNAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS IN THE LATE 19TH - EARLY 20TH CENTURIES: MAIN DIRECTIONS AND DEVELOPMENT TENDENCIES

Bunyod — Sun, 03 May 2026 22:13:00 +0500

This article analyzes the key directions and development trends of Russia’s foreign economic relations during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Particular attention is paid to the formation of the legal framework for foreign entrepreneurial activity in Russia, the expansion of foreign trade relations, and the attraction of foreign capital into the national economy.

POETIC MASTERY IN THE HISTORICAL DRAMA MUQANNA

Bunyod — Sun, 03 May 2026 22:12:00 +0500

The historical drama Muqanna is one of the most significant works in Uzbek literature that artistically portrays the uprising led by Muqanna against the Arab Caliphate in the 8th century. In this work, Hamid Olimjon demonstrates remarkable poetic mastery by blending historical events with deep emotional and philosophical meaning. The drama is distinguished by its lyrical language, expressive imagery, and symbolic representation of characters. Muqanna is depicted not only as a historical figure but also as a symbol of freedom, justice, and resistance against oppression. The author skillfully uses metaphors, dramatic contrasts, and emotionally rich dialogues to reveal the inner world of the characters.

LINGUOPOETIC FUNCTIONS OF ARTISTIC DEVICES IN THE CREATION OF WORDPLAY IN LITERARY TEXTS

Bunyod — Sun, 03 May 2026 22:11:00 +0500

This article examines the linguopoetic potential of wordplay as one of the most productive linguistic phenomena contributing to the aesthetic attractiveness and expressive power of literary texts. Particular attention is paid to the artistic devices that generate wordplay, including pun, tajnis (paronomasia), and iyhom (double entendre). The lexical-semantic, phonetic, morphological, and stylistic foundations of wordplay are analyzed through examples drawn from classical and contemporary Uzbek literature. Furthermore, the study substantiates the pragmatic, emotional-expressive, and satirical effects produced by semantic transformations of phraseological units and alliterative sound patterns. The findings reveal that wordplay is not merely an ornamental feature of literary language but a powerful linguopoetic mechanism that shapes an author's individual style and contributes to the polyphonic nature of literary discourse.

NON-STANDARD TASKS DESIGNED TO DEVELOP CREATIVE AND METHODOLOGICAL SKILLS IN FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS

Bunyod — Sun, 03 May 2026 22:10:00 +0500

This article presents tasks aimed at developing mathematical thinking and revealing the potential of primary school students. Identifying such tasks demands a creative approach from the teacher and requires thorough methodological preparation to explain them to students effectively.

INTEGRATING GAMIFICATION AND INTERACTIVE METHODS TO ENHANCE TEACHERS’ PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE: A PEDAGOGICAL MODEL

Bunyod — Sun, 03 May 2026 22:09:00 +0500

This study examines the integration of gamification and interactive teaching methods as an innovative approach to enhancing teachers’ professional competence in contemporary education. With the growing demand for learnercentered and technology-enhanced instruction, educators are required to continuously develop their pedagogical, communicative, and digital skills. In this context, the research aims to design and validate a pedagogical model that synthesizes gamification elements—such as points, badges, leaderboards, and challenges—with interactive methods including case-based learning, roleplaying, brainstorming, and collaborative activities. The findings reveal that the integration of gamification and interactive methods significantly enhances teachers’ motivation, engagement, creativity, and instructional effectiveness. Moreover, it supports the development of key professional competencies, including pedagogical innovation, digital literacy, and reflective practice. The proposed pedagogical model provides a structured and scalable framework for implementing gamified interactive strategies in both traditional and digital learning environments.

THE ESSENCE AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF ONLINE GAMBLING

Bunyod — Sun, 03 May 2026 22:08:00 +0500

This article scientifically analyzes the nature of online gambling, its impact on society and the psyche of the individual. It also examines the psychological factors, cognitive and emotional mechanisms of addiction to online gambling, and preventive measures. The results of the study show that online gambling is recognized as a rapidly spreading psychological problem in the modern digital environment.

OPTIMIZING TOKENIZATION IN TRANSFORMER MODELS FOR THE UZBEK LANGUAGE: MORPHOLOGICAL AND ORTHOGRAPHIC CHALLENGES

Bunyod — Sun, 03 May 2026 22:07:00 +0500

This article investigates the morphological and orthographic compatibility of standard tokenization algorithms with the agglutinative structure of the Uzbek language. Through empirical evaluation of 15 transformer-based language models—including global large language models, multilingual encoders, and Uzbek-specialized models—significant linguistic and computational inefficiencies are identified. Experimental results based on a dataset of 357 unique affixes and a 206-sentence orthographic stress-test corpus demonstrate that algorithms such as Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE) and WordPiece frequently cause “semantic decontextualization”. These tokenizers illogically split word stems and incorrectly segment special apostrophe-based graphemes (o‘, g‘), treating them as punctuation boundaries. Such excessive fragmentation artificially increases token sequences by up to 54.5%, leading to a 138% exponential increase in Floating Point Operations Per Second (FLOPS) during model inference. The study concludes that standard tokenizers are insufficient for Uzbek NLP tasks. Therefore, it proposes the development of a tokenization algorithm that accounts for the linguistic characteristics of the Uzbek language, along with the construction of a token vocabulary, in order to improve the computational efficiency of Transformer models.